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| July 26: General Interest 1775 : U.S. postal system established On this day in 1775, the U.S. postal system is established by the Second Continental Congress, with Benjamin Franklin as its first postmaster general. Franklin (1706-1790) put in place the foundation for many aspects of today's mail system. During early colonial times in the 1600s, few American colonists needed to send mail to each other; it was more likely that their correspondence was with letter writers in Britain. Mail deliveries from across the Atlantic were sporadic and could take many months to arrive. There were no post offices in the colonies, so mail was typically left at inns and taverns. In 1753, Benjamin Franklin, who had been postmaster of Philadelphia, became one of two joint postmasters general for the colonies. He made numerous improvements to the mail system, including setting up new, more efficient colonial routes and cutting delivery time in half between Philadelphia and New York by having the weekly mail wagon travel both day and night via relay teams. Franklin also debuted the first rate chart, which standardized delivery costs based on distance and weight. In 1774, the British fired Franklin from his postmaster job because of his revolutionary activities. However, the following year, he was appointed postmaster general of the United Colonies by the Continental Congress. Franklin held the job until late in 1776, when he was sent to France as a diplomat. He left a vastly improved mail system, with routes from Florida to Maine and regular service between the colonies and Britain. President George Washington appointed Samuel Osgood, a former Massachusetts congressman, as the first postmaster general of the American nation under the new U.S. constitution in 1789. At the time, there were approximately 75 post offices in the country. Today, the United States has over 40,000 post offices and the postal service delivers 212 billion pieces of mail each year to over 144 million homes and businesses in the United States, Puerto Rico, Guam, the American Virgin Islands and American Samoa. The postal service is the nation's largest civilian employer, with over 700,000 career workers, who handle more than 44 percent of the world's cards and letters. The postal service is a not-for-profit, self-supporting agency that covers its expenses through postage (stamp use in the United States started in 1847) and related products. The postal service gets the mail delivered, rain or shine, using everything from planes to mules. However, it's not cheap: The U.S. Postal Service says that when fuel costs go up by just one penny, its own costs rise by $8 million. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ |
General Interest 1775 : U.S. postal system established http://www.history.com/tdih.do?action=tdihVideoCategory&id=52734 1847 : Liberian independence proclaimed http://www.history.com/tdih.do?action=tdihArticleCategory&id=5208 1908 : FBI founded http://www.history.com/tdih.do?action=tdihArticleCategory&id=6970 1945 : Winston Churchill resigns http://www.history.com/tdih.do?action=tdihArticleCategory&id=5209 1956 : Egypt nationalizes the Suez Canal http://www.history.com/tdih.do?action=tdihArticleCategory&id=5210 American Revolution 1775 : Congress establishes U.S. Post Office http://www.history.com/tdih.do?action=tdihArticleCategory&id=50394 Automotive 1932 : Duesenberg dies after auto accident http://www.history.com/tdih.do?action=tdihArticleCategory&id=7527 Civil War 1861 : McClellan takes command of the Army of the Potomac http://www.history.com/tdih.do?action=tdihArticleCategory&id=2260 1863 : Sam Houston dies http://www.history.com/tdih.do?action=tdihArticleCategory&id=2261 1863 : John Hunt Morgan is captured http://www.history.com/tdih.do?action=tdihArticleCategory&id=2259 Cold War 1947 : Truman signs the National Security Act http://www.history.com/tdih.do?action=tdihArticleCategory&id=2740 Crime 1984 : Real-life Psycho Ed Gein dies http://www.history.com/tdih.do?action=tdihArticleCategory&id=57191 Disaster 1931 : Grasshoppers bring ruin to Midwest http://www.history.com/tdih.do?action=tdihArticleCategory&id=857 Entertainment 1942 : Gene Autry sworn into Army Air Corps http://www.history.com/tdih.do?action=tdihArticleCategory&id=3480 1943 : Mick Jagger born http://www.history.com/tdih.do?action=tdihArticleCategory&id=3481 Literary 1942 : William Faulkner begins a screenwriting stint http://www.history.com/tdih.do?action=tdihArticleCategory&id=4044 Old West 1878 : Officer Wyatt Earp fatally wounds cowboy http://www.history.com/tdih.do?action=tdihArticleCategory&id=4593 Presidential 1797 : John Quincy Adams marries Louisa Johnson http://www.history.com/tdih.do?action=tdihArticleCategory&id=795 Sports 1952 : Bob Mathias wins second Olympic decathlon http://www.history.com/tdih.do?action=tdihArticleCategory&id=56949 Vietnam War 1968 : South Vietnamese opposition leader tried and sentenced http://www.history.com/tdih.do?action=tdihArticleCategory&id=1989 1972 : South Vietnamese troops raise flag over Quang Tri http://www.history.com/tdih.do?action=tdihArticleCategory&id=1988 World War I 1916 : Australians battle Germans at Pozieres http://www.history.com/tdih.do?action=tdihArticleCategory&id=826 World War II 1941 : United States freezes Japanese assets http://www.history.com/tdih.do?action=tdihArticleCategory&id=6531 |
